Efficient self-emulsification via cooling-heating cycles

Efficient self-emulsification via cooling-heating cycles

In self-emulsification higher-energy micrometre and sub-micrometre oil droplets are spontaneously produced from larger ones and only a few such methods are known. They usually involve a one-time reduction in oil solubility in the continuous medium via changing temperature or solvents or a phase inversion in which the preferred curvature of the interfacial surfactant layer changes its sign. Here...

Optimal Operation of closed cycles for heating and cooling

Cycles for heating and cooling have been studied in detail when it comes to thermodynamics and design. However, there are few publications on optimal operation with given equipment which is the theme of this paper. One important issue is which variable to control during operation, for example super-heating, pressure, liquid level or valve set-point. Unlike open systems the initial charge to the...

Effect of temperature as well as heating and cooling cycles on rock properties

Temperature has a significant role in many actions performed on rocks. An example would be the effect of temperature on rocks in the burial of nuclear waste, geothermal energy extraction, deep oil well drilling, and fires in tunnels. In addition, due to diurnal/nocturnal as well as seasonal temperature variations, rocks undergo a process of heating and cooling. In the present work, the effect o...

District Heating and Cooling Enable Efficient Energy Resource Utilisation

Cooling Flows or Heating Flows?

It is now clear that AGN heat cooling flows, largely by driving winds. The winds may contain a relativistic component that generates powerful synchrotron radiation, but it is not clear that all winds do so. The spatial and temporal stability of the AGN/cooling flow interaction are discussed. Collimation of the winds probably provides spatial stability. Temporal stability may be possible only fo...